The Dukes: Seven years of Russian cyber-espionage

Last month Finnish computer security firm F-Secure released a white paper on “the Dukes,” a cyber-espionage group which is believed to have been working for the Russian government since at least 2008.

According to F-Secure, the Dukes (sometimes also referred to as APT29) collect intelligence in support of foreign and security policy decision-making. The group employs a wide arsenal of malware toolsets including MiniDuke, CosmicDuke, OnionDuke, CozyDuke, SeaDuke, CloudDuke (aka MiniDionis), and HammerDuke (aka HAMMERTOSS).